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Pathological insulin resistance (IR) is closely related to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with GDM. Increasing studies have investigated the efficacy of IR indices, such as quantitative insulin sensitivity index, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, triglyceride-glucose index and sex hormone-binding globulin, in predicting GDM and related complications in recent years. This article reviews the research progress in the above topics.
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ObjectiveTo observe the therapeutic effect of Yiyuan Qiwei pills （YYQW） on diabetes mellitus-induced induced erectile dysfunction （DMED） in rats and explore its regulation on the nitric oxide （NO）-cyclic guanosine monophosphate （cGMP） signaling pathway. MethodFifty-five healthy SD male rats of clean grade aged 2-3 months underwent intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin （STZ） to induce the DMED model， and another 10 healthy SD male rats of clean grade aged 2-3 months were assigned to the control group. The model rats were randomly divided into a model group， a sildenafil group （5 mg·kg-1， ig）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose YYQW groups （1.5， 3.0， 6.0 g·kg-1， ig）. The rats in the model group and the control group were given normal saline by gavage at 10 mL·kg-1， once a day for two months. After intervention， the penile erectile function of rats in each group was measured by a pressure detection system. The pathological changes and ultrastructure of penile corpus cavernosum were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and transmission electron microscopy， respectively. The level of NO in the corpus cavernosum was detected by nitrate reductase. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the levels of cGMP and advanced glycation end products （AGEs）. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase （eNOS）， neurogenic nitric oxide synthase （nNOS）， total nitric oxide synthase （NOS）， and phosphodiesterase type5 （PDE5） in rat penile tissues. The expression of above proteins was detected by Western blot. ResultCompared with the control group， the model group showed decreased intracavernous pressure （ICP）， NO， and cGMP levels， reduced mRNA and protein expression of nNOS and NOS， and increased PDE5 mRNA and protein expression （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the sildenafil group and the YYQW groups displayed increased ICP， NO， and cGMP levels， elevated mRNA and protein expression levels of nNOS and NOS， and reduced PDE5 mRNA and protein expression levels （P<0.05）. There were no pathological changes in the tissues and cell ultrastructure of the corpus cavernosum in the control group， while serious pathological changes were observed in the model group. Additionally， the sildenafil group and the YYQW groups were superior to the model group， the optimal effect was observed in the high-dose YYQW group. ConclusionYYQW can improve the penile erectile function of DMED rats and reduce the pathological damage of corpus cavernosum. The mechanism may be related to the promotion of nNOS and NOS expression， the inhibition of PDE5 expression， and the activation of the NO/cGMP signaling pathway.
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ObjectiveTo observe the therapeutic effect of Yiyuan Qiwei pills （YYQW） on diabetes mellitus-induced induced erectile dysfunction （DMED） in rats and explore its regulation on the nitric oxide （NO）-cyclic guanosine monophosphate （cGMP） signaling pathway. MethodFifty-five healthy SD male rats of clean grade aged 2-3 months underwent intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin （STZ） to induce the DMED model， and another 10 healthy SD male rats of clean grade aged 2-3 months were assigned to the control group. The model rats were randomly divided into a model group， a sildenafil group （5 mg·kg-1， ig）， and low-， medium-， and high-dose YYQW groups （1.5， 3.0， 6.0 g·kg-1， ig）. The rats in the model group and the control group were given normal saline by gavage at 10 mL·kg-1， once a day for two months. After intervention， the penile erectile function of rats in each group was measured by a pressure detection system. The pathological changes and ultrastructure of penile corpus cavernosum were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and transmission electron microscopy， respectively. The level of NO in the corpus cavernosum was detected by nitrate reductase. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the levels of cGMP and advanced glycation end products （AGEs）. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase （eNOS）， neurogenic nitric oxide synthase （nNOS）， total nitric oxide synthase （NOS）， and phosphodiesterase type5 （PDE5） in rat penile tissues. The expression of above proteins was detected by Western blot. ResultCompared with the control group， the model group showed decreased intracavernous pressure （ICP）， NO， and cGMP levels， reduced mRNA and protein expression of nNOS and NOS， and increased PDE5 mRNA and protein expression （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the sildenafil group and the YYQW groups displayed increased ICP， NO， and cGMP levels， elevated mRNA and protein expression levels of nNOS and NOS， and reduced PDE5 mRNA and protein expression levels （P<0.05）. There were no pathological changes in the tissues and cell ultrastructure of the corpus cavernosum in the control group， while serious pathological changes were observed in the model group. Additionally， the sildenafil group and the YYQW groups were superior to the model group， the optimal effect was observed in the high-dose YYQW group. ConclusionYYQW can improve the penile erectile function of DMED rats and reduce the pathological damage of corpus cavernosum. The mechanism may be related to the promotion of nNOS and NOS expression， the inhibition of PDE5 expression， and the activation of the NO/cGMP signaling pathway.
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Objective To analyze the characteristic and distribution of colonic polyps and investigate the diagnosis of colorectal benign polyps for chromoendoscopy and curative effect of argon plasma coagulation, High frequency electric knife electric coagulation, EMR, Titanium clips treating Colorectal benign polyps.Methods 175 patients of benign colorectal polyps of endoscopic diagnosis combined with pathology and treated were collected from December 2015 to June 2016.Results by ordinary and staining endoscopy, solitary polyp quantity and multiple polyps types in many segments for colon were more. Which the polyps quantity of rectum and sigmoid colon were more and polyp diameter was smaller in the left colon, the polyps quantity of ascending colon were less and polyp diameter was larger in the right colon. Pigment endoscopy was conduce to diagnose the micro-polyp. Chromoscopy enhanced the detection of multiple polyps in the colon.Conclusions Staining endoscopy is improved the multiple polyps detection rate and reduce omission diagnose rate, to proift the differential diagnosis of benign polyps, according to the solitary polyp and multiple polyps combined with polyp size in colon, which select the one of APC, high-frequency electric coagulation electric cut and EMR or two kinds of therapeutic endoscopy, therapeutic endoscopy is efifcacy and safety technique and the most of APC.
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Objective:To investigate the wear characteristics of bovine enamel and lithium disilicate glass ceramic under simulated oral environment.Methods:18 cylindrical lithium disilicate glass-ceramic specimens with the length of 8 mm and diameter of 3 mm were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =9),9 lithium disilicate glass-ceramic specimens and 9 bovine enamel specimens were served as the antagonists respectively.The specimens were then loaded in a wear simulator and subjected to friction force of 10 N for 540 000 cycles in artificial saliva and room temperature(speed 100 r/min,turning radius of 2.5 mm,uniform circular motion) condition.During the testing,10 checkpoints were applied to measure the height loss of the specimens with 3D profilometer,then wear curves were plotted.Scanning electron microscopy were applied to investigate the worn surfaces at different wear stages.Results:At every checkpoints,bovine enamel wear height loss was larger than the lithium disilicate specimens (P ＜ 0.05);bovine enamel wear curve exhibits a runningin period,steady wear period and severe wear period 3 stages of wear,while wear curves of lithium disilicate glass ceramics exhibit onlyrunning-in period and steady wear period 2 wear stages.Both groups had the corresponding micro-morphological features in different periods.Conclusion:Bovine enamel and lithium disilicate glass ceramics show a phase dynamic evolution law under the simulated oral environment.Bovine enamel is more susceptible to wear than lithium disilicate,suggesting that clinical attention should be paid to prevent the excessive wear of natural teeth caused by lithium disilicate glass ceramic restorations.
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Objective To study the influence of couple-centered mental intervention on marital quality and subjective happiness among young-and middle-aged breast cancer patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy.Methods A total of 100 postoperative young-and middle-aged breast cancer patients were divided into observation group (n=50) and control group (n=50) using random digit number table according to the order of hospitalization.The patients in the observation group were given the couple-based mental intervention,and the control were given the routine mental intervention only.The marital quality and subjective happiness between the 2 groups were evaluated and compared by Olson marital quality questionnaire and Memorial University of Newfoundland scale of happiness (MUNSH) respectively before intervention and 6 months after intervention.Result After intervention,both the score of marital quality and subjective happiness in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion The enforcement of couple-centered mental intervention among the young-and middle-aged breast cancer patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy can significantly improve the marital quality and subjective happiness.
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Objective:To construct double-layered controlled release system containing SDF-1 and rhBMP-2 molecules and to study the release profile of the system in vitro.Methods:The polylactic acid/chitosan(PLA/CS)nanoparticles were prepared with “emulsification-solution evaporation method”,the preparation parameters were determined by orthogonal test design.The particle size was observed by nanoparticle size analyzer,the morphology of the nanoparticles was observed with electron microscope.Then rhBMP-2 and SDF-1 were loaded into the nanoparticles in the process of emulsification,the loading efficiency and encapsulation efficiency were calculated and in vitro release was observed.Results:The double-layer nanoparticles showed spherical geometry,smooth surface and complete separation. The average particle size of the nanoparticles was (542.33 ±14.38)nm;The drug loading and incorporation efficiency of rhBMP-2 were (82.41 ±1.05)% and (24.67 ±0.43)ng/mg,those of rhBMP-2 were (75.58 ±0.84)% and (22.63 ±0.41)ng/mg,respectively. The release time of the drug from the system sustained over at least 30 days,the release profile of both drugs showed “biphasic release”. The cumulative release rate of SDF-1 and rhBMP-2 was 72.85% and 91.01% in 30 days respectively.Conclusion:The SDF-1 and rh-BMP-2 loaded PLA/CS nanoparticles have excellent morphology,high entrapment and good sustained-release in vitro.
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Objective:To evaluate the clinical performance of CAD/CAM zirconia all-ceramic restorations.Methods:287 all-ce-ramic Zirconia restorations in 206 patients were included in a 3-year prospectively survey with California Dental Association Standard (CDA)as a reference.The effects and the related factors such as restoration type,tooth region,fiber reinforced composite application on survival rate were analyzed.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Log-Rank test were used for data analysis.Results:Chipping frac-tures in 5 restorations,intense gingivitis at 4 restorations and periapical inflammation for 3 restorations were observed during the obser-vation period.The 3-year cumulative survival rate (CSR)of CAD/CAMzirconia restorations was 95.7%,The differences among the CSR of single crowns(96.3%),linked crowns (93.6%)and fixed partial dentures(95.7%)were not statistically significant(P >0.05).The difference was not statistically significant(P >0.05)between the CSR of the anterior region group(94.5%)and posterior region group(96.3%)as well as difference(P >0.05)between the CSR of fiber reinforced composite group (95.0%)and without fiber reinforced composite group(96.1%).Conclusion:The cumulative survival rate of CAD/CAM zirconia all-ceramic restorations is high.Chipping fracture is the main reason of failure.Restoration type,tooth region and fiber reinforced composite have no significant effect on the survival of zirconia restorations.
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Objective To investigate the density of bladder pacemaker cells (ICC) in prostatic hyperplasia with detrusor underactivity (PDU) and the impact of stress environment on its growth. Methods 23 PDU guinea pig models and 26 pigs for control (BPH, n = 6; normal group, n = 20) were developed. After water-filled urodynamic pressure measurement of bladder for three groups , detrusor tissue was made into frozen sections. TheICC numberwere measured with immunofluorescence stainingand observed by confocal microscopy. Further ICC cells in vitro were cultured under stress environment and its counts were analyzed by colony formation assay. Results Decreased density of ICC was observed in PDU group (0.28 ± 0.52)% compared to control [(5 ± 0.36)%,P < 0.05] and the BPH group (5.4% ± 0.42)%, P < 0.05). The ratio of dimer and monomer [(6.13 ± 1.45)%] in PDU group was significantly lower than those of the control [31.55 ± 9.67)%, P < 0.05] and the BPH group [(71.52 ± 8.95)%, P < 0.05]. There is a negative correlation between the density of ICC in vitro and duration of stress. By contrast , there is a positive correlation between the density of ICC and incubation time after the stress is removed. Conclusion Distribution of decreased density of ICC is involved in the pathogenesis of PDU , which may be due to long-term stress environment. Thus eliminating stress environment may help restore ICC density in PDU.
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Objective To explore the roles of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) in cognitive dysfunction and emotional alterations after rat's chronic cerebral ischemia.Methods 51 SD rats were randomly divided into sham group (sham group,n=17),chronic cerebral ischemia group (2VO group,n=17),chronic cerebral ischemia group + LiCl group (2VO + LiCl group,n=17),according to the table of random number.All groups were intraperitoneally injected with LiCl or saline on 3rd,7th,14th,21 st and 28th day,and then produced the chronic cerebral ischemia models.On the 28th day after model,the spatial learning and memory,fear memory,and anxiety emotion were detected.Results The Morris water maze test showed that 2VO group spent longer latent time searching and finding the platform than sham group (4th day P＜0.01,3rd,5th,6th,7th day P＜0.05).2VO+LiCl group spent shorter latent time than 2VO group (4th day P＜0.01,5th,6th,7th day P＜0.05).After removing the platform,2VO group spent longer time arriving the former location than sham group (P＜0.05).And 2VO+LiCl group spent dramatically different time compared to 2VO group (P＜0.01).Step-down test showed 2VO group spent shorter latent time than sham group (2VO group:(41.00±1.87)s,sham group:(44.55±2.77)s) (P＜0.05).2VO+ LiCl group spent dramatically longer latent time compared to 2VO group (2VO +LiCl group:(43.40± 1.35)s) (P＜ 0.05).2VO group made much more mistakes times than sham group (P＜0.05).2VO+LiCl group made dramatically less mistakes times compared to 2VO group (P＜0.05).The elevated plus maze test showed 2VO group had much less ratio of retention time in open arms (among total arms retention time) than sham group (2VO group:(0.23± 0.01),sham group:(0.25± 0.01)) (P＜ 0.01).2VO + LiCl group had much larger ratio than 2VO group (2VO + LiCl group:(0.24±0.01),P＜0.05).2VO group had much less ratio of entry times in open arms (among total arms entry times) than sham group (P＜0.01).2VO+LiC1 group had much larger ratio than 2VO group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Chronic cerebral ischemia can lead to deterioration of learning and memory,and anxiety emotion for rats.However,inhibition of GSK-3β can ameliorate these alterations.
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Objective:To explore the method of the establishment of edentulous mandible All-on-4 implant photoelastic model with various distally tilted implants by computer-aided design(CAD).Methods:The edentulous mandible specimen was scanned by CT. Three-dimensional models of the mandible consisting of implant location were reconstructed and edited with Mimics and Geomagic Stu-dio software.Each of the four models had four implant sockets in the interforaminal area.In the first model,the bilateral distal im-plants were placed vertically.In the other models,the posterior implants were respectively inclined by 1 5°,30°and 45°distally.The four models were manufactured by RP and then the All-on-4 photoelastic models were made by traditional ways.Results:The ob-tained ethoxyline resin models featured bright surface,homogeneous structure,faintly yellowish,high optical sensibility,precision im-plants location and with no natural stress.The model offered a good experimental basis for the stress measurement.Conclusion:The method of fabricating ethoxyline resin models by CAD is reproducible,which simplifies the operating process.
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Objective To explore the roles and related mechanisms of Protein Phosphatase 2A(PP2A) in cognitive dysfunction after the chronic cerebral ischemia.Methods 70 male Sprague Dawley rats in clean degree were divided into sham group,chronic cerebral ischemia group (Bilateral carotid arteries occlusion,2VO),and chronic cerebral ischemia group with PP2A activation group(2VO+aPP2A).The rats were injected intraperitoneally with 1.88 μmol/ml sodium selenate(15 μmol · kg-1 · d-1) or equal volume of saline for 4 weeks.After one month,the chronic cerebral ischemia models were reproduced by the occlusion of bilateral common caroid artery.Then the abilities of learning and memory were tested by Morris water maze,electrophysiological indices were recorded to analyze the LTP changes,and destribution of synaptic vesicles was observed by electron microscope.Results Morris water maze test showed that the 2VO group had significantly longer latent time than sham group in searching platform(P＜0.05),and the 2VO+aPP2A group had dramatically shorter latent time (P＜0.01) than that of 2VO group.Then removing platform to test the rats memory,the data showed that 2VO group spent markedly longer time than sham group to reach the location of the former platform (sham group:(14.50±1.98)s ; 2VO group:(17.30±2.11) s) (P＜0.01),and the 2VO+aPP2A group((15.09± 1.45) s) spent dramatically shorter latent time(P＜0.05) than that of 2VO group.The electrophysiological data showed that 2VO group had the noticeably smaller field excitable postsynaptic potential slope (fEPSP) slope ratio between pre and post of the high frequency stimulations (Long-term potential,LTP) than sham group(sham group:1.69±0.27; 2VO group:2.02±0.137) (P＜0.01),and the 2VO+aPP2A group(1.86±0.19) had strikingly higher ratio than that of 2VO group(P＜0.01).The electromicroscope observation showed that presynaptic vesicles density of 2VO was remarkably lower than that of sham group (sham group:(4.51±0.29) /μm2 ; 2VO group:(2.02±0.14) /μm2) (P＜0.01),and presynaptic vesicles density of 2VO+aPP2A group((3.58±0.50) /μm2) was noticeably higher than that of 2VO group(P＜0.01).Conclusion Activating PP2A can prevent the cognitive dysfunction after chronic cerebral ischemia through regulating LTP and synaptic vesicle density.And PP2A is probably a potential target for preventing and treating the cognitive dysfunction after chronic cerebral ischemia.
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Objective To explore the correlationship between Cystatin C and the cognitive dysfunction, encephalatrophy and the cerebral perfusion in Alzheimer's disease ( AD ) patients, and to analyze the probable mechanisms of the Cystatin C level alterations. Methods For the 61 male and 55 female AD patients,the levels of Cystatin C,Urea,Cr andβ2?microglobulin were detected by biochemistry analysis.The hypocampus volume and Ev?ans index were measured by MRI imaging. The cerebral perfusion was evaluated by magnetic resonance perfusion imaging of arterial spin labeling technique and image processing. The cognitive level of AD patients was done by MMSE scale and MoCA scale. Results The Cystatin C levels in serum of male AD patients were dramatically dif?ferent from female AD patients(male:(0.95±0.20)mg/L,female:(1.32±0.41)mg/L)(P=0.04). For male AD patients,age and Cystatin C had a correlationship among the hypocampus volume((6157.14±355.58)mm3),Evans index(0.33±0.02),MMSE score(21.66±7.97),and MoCA score(21.96±6.19)(age:P=0.040,0.049,0.035, 0.039;Cystatin C:P=0.035,0.038,0.037,0.035),but for female only age((79.52±8.82)years) had a correla?tionship with the hypocampus volume((6319.53±377.74)mm3),Evans index(0.31±0.02),MMSE score(22.93± 6.22),and MoCA score(23.41±8.20)(P=0.044,0.045,0.047,0.046). For male AD patients,the marked correla?tionship was showed between Cystatin C and the index of cerebral perfusion(P=0.034),but for female patients, there's no correlationship(P=0.086) . Conclusion The Cystatin C level is distinctly different in male and female AD patients. The Cystatin C level in male AD patients maybe be an index to predict the degree of the cognitive dys?function and the level of cerebral perfusion.
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Objective:To investigate the stress distribution in peri-implant bone with All-on-4 implant with various parameters by three-dimensional finite element method.Methods:An edentulous mandibular specimen was scanned by CT Mimcs.Geomagic,Uni-graphics,HyperMesh modeling software were used to establish All-on-4 implant finite element models with different inclination angles and corresponding cantilever lengths.1 50 N vertical static load was applied at the right end of the cantilever,peri-implant bone stress was analysed using Abaqus software.Results:When the distal implant inclined 0°with cantilever length of 1 9.5 mm,the peak stress in peri-implant cortical bone at the mesial and distal side was 25.526 MPa and 83.026 MPa respectively.When the distal implant in-clined 1 5°,30°and 45°with the cantilever length of 1 7.2 mm,1 3.3 mm and 9.8 mm,the stress in perio-implant cortical bone at distal side of the implant reduced by 1 2.4%,35.6% and 53.1 %,that at mesial side of the implant reduced by 1 3.6%,36.3% and 40.2%,respectively.Conclusion:From the perspective of the stress analysis,the design of All-on-4 distal implant with large incli-nation angle and short cantilever is superior to that with small inclination angle and long cantilever.
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To establish kinetic assay method for the analysis of hemolysis and to investigate dynamic hemolytic process of polysorbate 80. The UV-VIS spectrum of heme changes when hemoglobin is released continuously during the hemolytic process. Therefore, dynamic hemolytic curve was determined as a new way to characterize the kinetic process of interaction between polysorbate 80 and red blood cells. The effect of polysorbate 80 on blood cells could be perfectly investigated by the hemolytic dynamics. Dynamic hemolytic parameters of polysorbate 80 were calculated according to the hemolytic curves. The constants of hemolytic rate and maximum hemolytic rate of polysorbate 80 had fine linear relationships at the range of 1-20 mg x mL(-1) and 5-20 mg x mL(-1), respectively. In comparison with the present official method such as macroscopic observation and static spectrophotometric methods, kinetic spectrophotometry has the advantages of real time, on-line determination, sensitive, objective, good reproducibility and 2-dimensional information acquired. Therefore, as a biological technique, kinetic spectrophotometry could be applied to evaluate the quality of polysorbate 80 and to screen other solubilizing excipients.
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To establish a bioassay method and quality standard of Banlangen granula, agglutinated activity assay was used in the analysis of the traditional Chinese medicine, Banlangen granula. It showed that masculined effect could be picked up effectively and the products quality of different pharmaceutical factories and different batch numbers from the same factory could be revealed conveniently, accurately, quickly and directly with this method (valence value was between 2 and 11). The established bioassay method had a good reproducibility with RSD = 2%. The dependablity of the activity of red cell agglutination and restrainting influenza virus NA was conspicuous (r2 = 0.878 3). In conclusion, this bioassay method is suitable to control and evaluate the quality of Banlangen granula. Thus the method may provide a simple and effective technique in supervising and examining the quality of other traditional Chinese medicine.
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This paper is aimed to provide the methods of quality control and bioassay of traditional Chinese medicine injections including bioassay method. Shuanghuanglian freeze-dried powder for injection (SFPI) was chosen as study object. HPLC-ELSD fingerprints of SFPI had been established and the samples were differentiated by similarity calculation. Meanwhile, biological profiles of SFPI on Escherichia coli had been established by microcalorimetry. The similarity values were calculated using the correlation coefficient, based on quantitative thermo-kinetic parameters (T2m, Tj, I%). The results indicated that HPLC-ELSD fingerprints, which showed content changes of chemical components, could not monitor minimal variation of different samples, especially that of biological pollutants, while biological profiles could sensitively detect antibiotic activity alterations of the samples, which were kept under specific conditions. In conclusion, characterized by two-dimension, microcalorimetry could supply thermograms as biological profiles characterized to describe the bioactivity of drugs. This study could clearly demonstrate that the correlative detection was proposed as an efficient strategy for quality control of SFPI, based on HPLC-ELSD fingerprints and biological profiles, which could detect quality fluctuation of samples early and quickly and predict the potential adverse drug events (ADE) for ensuring clinical safety.
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Objective To investigate the methods of anesthesia,infusion and the skill of removing urinary calculus for the treatment of uretemlith stones using ureterescope air pressure path lithoclasty.Methods Six hundred and ninety ureterolith stone patients using ureterescope air pressure path lithoclasty,383 patients were anesthetized by single sacro-anesthesia,and the diclofenac sodium suppositories were added in 312 cases to strengthen the anesthesia effeets.Antegrade perfusion with furosemide in the operation was used.Results Broken the stones in orthophoria were successful in 645 patients.the total success rate Was 93.5%and the total rate of removing urinary calculus was 93.8%.Conclusions Ureteroscope air pressure path lithoclasty is high efficiency,safety and easy manipulation.It is a satinfactory method for the treatment of ureterolith stones,and the correct method of anesthesia and infusion perfect skill of removing urinary calculus can improve the rate of removing urinary calculus and decrease the costs.
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@#ObjectiveTo investigate atlantoepistrophic imaging features of patients with vertigo of cervical syndrome.Methods74 patients with vertigo of cervical syndrome were checked by photographs of cervical vertebrae of A-P position, lateral position and mouth open position, some patients were checked by CT three-dimensional reconstruction and/or MRI vertebral arteriography.ResultsImaging examination of these patients showed that physiolgical curvature of cervical vertebrae became straightened, width of both lateral masses of atlas was inequality, space of both lateral masses of atlas to odontoid process of vertebra dentata was also inequality, and inferior articular surface of lateral mass was not parallel with superior articular surface of axis. The CT could display the side displacement and anterior or posterior rotation of lateral masses of atlas. The cervical MRI vertebral arteriography could display the effect of side displacement and rotation of lateral masses of atlas on vertebral artery. If side displacement or rotation of vertebral artery occurred, the diameter of artery decreased.ConclusionThe diseased region of vertigo of the cervical syndrome is the atlas and axis, especially the side displacement and anterior or posterior rotation of the atlas.
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OBJECTIVE To analyze antibiotic usage of inpatients in an internal medicine department,probe into the features of antibiotic usage and provide rference for the rational clinical drug-use.METHODS We selected randomly 3102 samples from inpatients in our Internal Medicine Department during the period from Jan to Jun,2007,and analyzed the situation of the antibiotic application.RESULTS The percentage of antibiotic application was 66.18% among 3102 patients,totally 28 kinds from 10 species of antibiotics were used.Cephalosporins and quinolones were mostly applied,and more often they were used in combination.CONCLUSIONS Medication frequency of cephalosporins and quinolones ranks the first in the DDDs,and remains as the primary choice of anti-infectives used.